diff --git a/backend/internal/service/token_refresh_service.go b/backend/internal/service/token_refresh_service.go
index 22f4aa29..96428847 100644
--- a/backend/internal/service/token_refresh_service.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/token_refresh_service.go
@@ -417,11 +417,12 @@ func isNonRetryableRefreshError(err error) bool {
 	}
 	msg := strings.ToLower(err.Error())
 	nonRetryable := []string{
-		"invalid_grant",       // refresh_token 已失效
-		"invalid_client",      // 客户端配置错误
-		"unauthorized_client", // 客户端未授权
-		"access_denied",       // 访问被拒绝
-		"missing_project_id",  // 缺少 project_id
+		"invalid_grant",        // refresh_token 已失效
+		"refresh_token_reused", // OpenAI refresh_token 已被使用，必须重新授权
+		"invalid_client",       // 客户端配置错误
+		"unauthorized_client",  // 客户端未授权
+		"access_denied",        // 访问被拒绝
+		"missing_project_id",   // 缺少 project_id
 		"no refresh token available",
 	}
 	for _, needle := range nonRetryable {
diff --git a/backend/internal/service/token_refresh_service_test.go b/backend/internal/service/token_refresh_service_test.go
index 2179a85e..d80b475e 100644
--- a/backend/internal/service/token_refresh_service_test.go
+++ b/backend/internal/service/token_refresh_service_test.go
@@ -532,6 +532,7 @@ func TestIsNonRetryableRefreshError(t *testing.T) {
 		{name: "network_error", err: errors.New("network timeout"), expected: false},
 		{name: "invalid_grant", err: errors.New("invalid_grant"), expected: true},
 		{name: "invalid_client", err: errors.New("invalid_client"), expected: true},
+		{name: "refresh_token_reused", err: errors.New(`OPENAI_OAUTH_TOKEN_REFRESH_FAILED: token refresh failed: status 401, body: {"error":{"code":"refresh_token_reused"}}`), expected: true},
 		{name: "unauthorized_client", err: errors.New("unauthorized_client"), expected: true},
 		{name: "access_denied", err: errors.New("access_denied"), expected: true},
 		{name: "no_refresh_token", err: errors.New("no refresh token available"), expected: true},